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The minimization of the Gibbs free energy is a form of the principle of minimum energy (minimum 'free' energy or exergy), which follows from the entropy maximization principle for closed systems. Moreover, the Gibbs free energy equation, in modified form, can be used for open systems , including situations where chemical potential terms are ...
In the social sciences an open system is a process that exchanges material, energy, people, capital and information with its environment. French/Greek philosopher Kostas Axelos argued that seeing the "world system" as inherently open (though unified) would solve many of the problems in the social sciences, including that of praxis (the relation of knowledge to practice), so that various social ...
Extraterrestrial life – Life that does not originate on Earth; Information metabolism – Psychological theory of interaction between biological organisms and their environment; Organism – Individual living life form; Spome – Hypothetical matter-closed, energy-open life support system
Social entropy is a sociological theory that evaluates social behaviours using a method based on the second law of thermodynamics. [1] The equivalent of entropy in a social system is considered to be wealth or residence location. [2]
A more physical interpretation of thermodynamic entropy refers to spread of energy or matter, or to extent and diversity of microscopic motion. If a movie that shows coffee being mixed or wood being burned is played in reverse, it would depict processes highly improbable in reality. Mixing coffee and burning wood are "irreversible".
The first English use of the expression "meaning of life" appears in Thomas Carlyle's Sartor Resartus (1833–1834), book II chapter IX, "The Everlasting Yea". [1]Our Life is compassed round with Necessity; yet is the meaning of Life itself no other than Freedom, than Voluntary Force: thus have we a warfare; in the beginning, especially, a hard-fought battle.
Life and Energy is a 1962 book by Isaac Asimov. It is about the biological and physical world , and their contrasts and comparisons. Thus the book is divided into two sections, which is separated by further sub-sections (i.e. chapters): 1) energy; 2) body.
Lifeworld (or life-world) (German: Lebenswelt) may be conceived as a universe of what is self-evident or given, [1] a world that subjects may experience together. The concept was popularized by Edmund Husserl , who emphasized its role as the ground of all knowledge in lived experience.