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Operation Torch (8–16 November 1942) was an Allied invasion of French North Africa during the Second World War.Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to begin their fight against Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy on a limited scale.
Morocco was a protectorate of France at the time of World War II. The French government at Vichy had surrendered to Germany after the Battle of France , signing an Armistice with Nazi Germany . General Charles de Gaulle led French forces opposed to the surrender and to the Vichy government, continuing the war on the side of the UK and the Allies .
During World War II, Morocco was occupied by Vichy France. However, after the North African campaign (June 1940 – May 1943), Morocco was liberated by the Allies and was thus active in Allied operations until the end of the war. [1]
The North African campaign of World War II took place in North Africa from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943, fought between the Allies and the Axis Powers.It included campaigns in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts (Western Desert campaign, Desert War), in Morocco and Algeria (Operation Torch), and in Tunisia (Tunisia campaign).
Ceasefire agreed on between the Polisario Front and Morocco (1991) Morocco controls 75% of the Western Sahara, the Polisario Front controls 25%; Unknown. 2,155– 2,300 captured Shaba I (1977) Zaire Morocco Belgium Egypt France: FNLC: Victory. FNLC expelled from Katanga; The FNLC withdrew to Angola and possibly to Zambia; 8 killed Shaba II ...
The operation called for American amphibious troops to land at and capture the French-held port of Safi in French Morocco. The landings were carried out by the 47th Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army and took place on the morning of 8 November 1942 as part of a larger operation to capture Casablanca .
With France occupied by the Nazis during World War II, colonial French Morocco initially sided with the Axis Powers. When the Allies invaded Morocco on November 8, 1942, Moroccan defenders yielded to British and American forces.
Churchill Roosevelt Stalin The War They Waged and the Peace They Sought A Diplomatic History of World War II (1957) Funk, Arthur Layton. "The" Anfa Memorandum": An Incident of the Casablanca Conference." Journal of Modern History (1954): 246–254. JSTOR; Howard, Michael. Grand Strategy, IV, August 1942 – September 1943. (1972). pp 239–88.