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It occurs in humans and certain breeds of domesticated animals. Heterochromia of the eye is called heterochromia iridum or heterochromia iridis. It can be complete, sectoral, or central. In complete heterochromia, one iris is a different color from the other. In sectoral heterochromia, part of one iris is a different color from its remainder.
The total number of genes that contribute to eye color is unknown, but there are a few likely candidates. A study in Rotterdam (2009) found that it was possible to predict eye color with more than 90% accuracy for brown and blue using just six SNPs. [16] [17] In humans, eye color is a highly sexually dimorphic trait. [18]
Type 1 is characterised by congenital sensorineural hearing loss, pigmentary deficiencies of the hair such as a white lock of hair in the front-centre of the head or premature greying, pigmentary deficiencies of the eyes such as different-coloured eyes (complete heterochromia iridum), multiple colours in an eye (sectoral heterochromia iridum) or brilliant blue eyes, patches of skin ...
Most cases of heterochromia are the result of genetics, though sometimes, trauma or injury to the eye can disrupt the normal development of melanin in the iris—leading to changes in eye color.
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A human eye displaying partial heterochromia iridum, where part of one iris is a different color from its remainder. Eye color, specifically the color of the irises, is determined primarily by the concentration and distribution of melanin. Shown here is an example of central heterochromia, where there are two colors in the same iris.
Eye color is determined by the amount and distribution of melanin in the iris of the eye, in addition to the genes we inherit from our parents. With most eye colors, the amount of melanin is ...
Dichromacy in humans is a form of color blindness (color vision deficiency). Normal human color vision is trichromatic, so dichromacy is achieved by losing functionality of one of the three cone cells. The classification of human dichromacy depends on which cone is missing: Protanopia is a severe form of red-green color blindness, in which the ...