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An African American man drinking at a "colored" drinking fountain in a streetcar terminal in Oklahoma City, 1939 by Russell Lee [15] Black schools were established by some religious groups and philanthropists to educate African Americans. Oberlin Academy was one of the early schools to integrate. Lowell High School also accepted African ...
In African-American history, the post–civil rights era is defined as the time period in the United States since Congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968, major federal legislation that ended legal segregation, gained federal oversight and enforcement of voter registration and electoral practices in states or areas ...
Prior to World War II, most public schools in the country were de jure or de facto segregated. All Southern states had Jim Crow Laws mandating racial segregation of schools. . Northern states and some border states were primarily white (in 1940, the populations of Detroit and Chicago were more than 90% white) and existing black populations were concentrated in urban ghettos partly as the ...
Secondary schools for African Americans in the South were called training schools instead of high schools in order to appease racist whites and focused on vocational education. [1] School integration in the United States took place at different times in different areas and often met resistance.
African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an American racial or ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. [3] [4] African Americans constitute the second largest ethno-racial group in the US after White Americans. [5]
Alabama, 376 U.S. 650 (1964), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that an African-American woman, Mary Hamilton, was entitled to be greeted with the same courteous forms of address which were customarily and solely reserved for whites in the Southern United States, [30] and that calling a black person by their first ...
The Struggle in Black and Brown: African American and Mexican American Relations During the Civil Rights Era. University of Nebraska Press. Cooks, Carlos A. (1992). Carlos Cooks and Black Nationalism from Garvey to Malcolm. The Majority Press. Eisenstein, Zillah (2004). Against Empire: Feminisms, Racism and the West. Zed Books.
African Americans became a greater presence not only in the field of literature but in all areas of the arts. Theater groups, poetry performances, music and dance were central to the movement. Through different forms of media, African Americans were able to educate others about the expression of cultural differences and viewpoints.