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Shock therapy describes a set of techniques used in psychiatry to treat depressive disorder or other mental illnesses. It covers multiple forms, such as inducing seizures or other extreme brain states, or acting as a painful method of aversive conditioning. [1] Two types of shock therapy are currently practiced:
[3] [4] Paro was classified as a Class 2 medical device by U.S. regulators in fall 2009. [2] Paro has been used primarily in care facilities, especially as a form of therapy for dementia patients. [5] After a study was conducted to see the effects of robots on children with autism spectrum disorder, it appeared that there are numerous benefits ...
This device eventually largely replaced earlier devices because of the reduction in cognitive side effects, although as of 2012 some ECT clinics still were using sine-wave devices. [ 26 ] The 1970s saw the publication of the first American Psychiatric Association (APA) task force report on electroconvulsive therapy (to be followed by further ...
Rehabilitation robotics is a field of research dedicated to understanding and augmenting rehabilitation through the application of robotic devices. Rehabilitation robotics includes development of robotic devices tailored for assisting different sensorimotor functions [1] (e.g. arm, hand, [2] [3] leg, ankle [4]), development of different schemes of assisting therapeutic training, [5] and ...
Psychological therapies for dementia are starting to gain some momentum. [when?] Improved clinical assessment in early stages of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia, increased cognitive stimulation of the elderly, and the prescription of drugs to slow cognitive decline have resulted in increased detection in the early stages.
Nowadays, sensory prosthetic devices, such as visual implants, cochlear implants, auditory midbrain implants, and spinal cord stimulators and also motor prosthetic devices, such as deep brain stimulators, Bion microstimulators, the brain control and sensing interface, and cardiac electro-stimulation devices are widely used.
Electroconvulsive therapy is effectively used in major depressive patients to increase the amount of nerve cells in the hippocampus, a region of the brain that is involved in mood regulation and memory. Antidepressants drugs have a similar effect but to a lesser extent than ECT. [1] ECT is prescribed by a psychiatrist.
A meta-analysis of 74 clinical studies with 3321 patients found that VNS produced an average 51% reduction in seizures after 1 year of therapy. [22] Approximately 50% of patients had an equal to or greater than 50% reduction in seizures at the time of last follow-up. [22] Long-term studies have shown that response to VNS increases over time.
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