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Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form when weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, and granite) forming a headland, or peninsula.
The differing resistance to erosion leads to the formation of headlands and bays. A hard rock type such as granite is resistant to erosion and creates a promontory whilst a softer rock type such as the clays of Bagshot Beds is easily eroded creating a bay.
Bays also form through coastal erosion by rivers and glaciers. [7] A bay formed by a glacier is a fjord. Rias are created by rivers and are characterised by more gradual slopes. Deposits of softer rocks erode more rapidly, forming bays, while harder rocks erode less quickly, leaving headlands.
Cape of Good Hope (left) and Cape Hangklip (right) in South Africa, from space Cape Tisan in Mersin Province, Turkey Cape Tindari and Marinello lagoons, Sicily. In geography, a cape is a headland, peninsula or promontory extending into a body of water, usually a sea. [1]
The coastline of the United Kingdom is formed by a variety of natural features including islands, bays, headlands and peninsulas. It consists of the coastline of the island of Great Britain, the north-east coast of the island of Ireland, as well as many much smaller islands. Much of the coastline is accessible and quite varied in geography and ...
This list catalogues about 400 of the coastal landforms of the island including bays, estuaries, harbours, headlands, and many others. [3] [4] [5] Most offshore features such as islands, stags , and rocks are omitted but are presented at List of islands of Ireland. A list of beaches is available at List of beaches in Ireland.
Diagram showing a spit A spit contrasted with other coastal landforms. Curonian Spit, divided between Russia and Lithuania. A spit (cognate with the word for a rotisserie bar) or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform off coasts or lake shores.
This includes but is not limited to marginal seas, and this is the definition used for inclusion in this list. A marginal sea is a division of an ocean, partially enclosed by islands, archipelagos, or peninsulas, adjacent to or widely open to the open ocean at the surface, and/or bounded by submarine ridges on the sea floor. [7] The World Ocean.