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The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Royalists and Parliamentarians in the Kingdom of England [b] from 1642 to 1651. Part of the wider 1639 to 1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the struggle consisted of the First English Civil War and the Second English Civil War.
A Roundhead as depicted by John Pettie (1870). Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War (1642–1651). Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters, known as the Cavaliers or Royalists, who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the divine right of kings. [1]
The Second English Civil War took place between February and August 1648 in England and Wales.It forms part of the series of conflicts known collectively as the 1639–1653 Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which include the 1641–1653 Irish Confederate Wars, the 1639–1640 Bishops' Wars, and the 1649–1653 Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.
The road the Parliamentarians were advancing along ran at a right angle through the centre of the Royalist line. This position halted the advance force of Parliamentarians a little before noon. The 7,000 or so Parliamentarians in their main body caught up and began deploying for battle, while skirmishing vigorously [68] [69] in heavy rain. [70]
5 July – First English Civil War: pyrrhic Royalist victory at the Battle of Lansdowne near Bath, Somerset. [2] 13 July – First English Civil War: Royalist cavalry led by Henry Wilmot, newly created Baron Wilmot, win a crushing victory at the Battle of Roundway Down near Devizes over Parliamentarians led by Sir William Waller. [2]
[2] [4] After outflanking Norwich's main Royalist forces on Burham Heath and a diversionary feint towards Aylesford, Fairfax crossed the River Medway at East Farleigh Bridge virtually unopposed. [ 3 ] [ 5 ] Early skirmishes began on Penenden Heath , located strategically to launch an attack between the two defending Royalist forces led by Sir ...
22 January – King Charles I opens the Royalist 'Oxford Parliament'. [1] 26 January – First English Civil War: at the Battle of Nantwich the Parliamentarians defeat the Royalists, ending a week's siege of the Cheshire town. [2] March – Matthew Hopkins begins his career as a witch-hunter in the eastern counties.
The Royalists were defeated with all of those who took part in the fighting, their army's entire infantry force, either killed or captured. The Royalist mounted component fled but surrendered five days after the battle. Winwick was the last battle of the Second English Civil War.
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