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The other primary use of nidāna in the Buddhist tradition is in the context of the Twelve Nidānas, also called the "Twelve Links of Dependent Origination". [ 8 ] [ 9 ] These links present the mechanistic basis of repeated birth, saṃsāra , and resultant duḥkha (suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness) starting from avidyā (ignorance ...
The term nirvana is part of an extensive metaphorical structure that was probably established at a very early age in Buddhism. It is "the most common term used by Buddhists to describe a state of freedom from suffering and rebirth," [13] but its etymology may not be conclusive for its meaning. [14]
Schumann thus concluded that the twelvefold chain was a later synthesis composed by Buddhist monks, consisting of three shorter lists. These lists may have encompassed nidana 1–4, 5–8, and 8-12. [138] Schumann also proposes that the 12 nidanas are extended over three existences, and illustrates the succession of rebirths.
However the Buddhist meaning of nirvana also has other interpretations. L. S. Cousins said that in popular usage nirvana was "the goal of Buddhist discipline,... the final removal of the disturbing mental elements which obstruct a peaceful and clear state of mind, together with a state of awakening from the mental sleep which they induce." [21]
A Definition Etymology In other languages abhidhamma A category of scriptures that attempts to use Buddhist teachings to create a systematic, abstract description of all worldly phenomena abhi is "above" or "about", dhamma is "teaching" Pāli: abhidhamma Sanskrit: abhidharma Bur: အဘိဓမ္မာ abhidhamma Khmer: អភិធម្ម âphĭthômm Tib: ཆོས་མངོན་པ ...
Four Dharma Seals are the four characteristics which reflect some Buddhist teaching . [1] [2] It is said that if a teaching contains the Four Dharma Seals then it can be considered Buddha Dharma. [3] This is despite the fact that some believe that the Dharma Seals were all introduced after Gautama Buddha died. [4]
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Gautama Buddha said that the cause of sorrow – the second of the Four Noble Truths – is desire; and the cause of desire is tanha or trishna. [8]The truth is - that deeds come from upādāna (clinging to existence), upādāna comes from trishna (craving), trishna comes from vedana (torture), the perception of pain and pleasure, the desire for rest; sensation (contact with objects) brings ...