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Lead is a fairly common element in the Earth's crust for its high atomic number (82). Most elements of atomic number greater than 40 are less abundant. World lead resources exceed two billion tons. Significant deposits are located in Australia, China, Ireland, Mexico, Peru, Portugal, Russia, United States.
Transition elements * Elements in groups 3 to 11 or 3 to 12 (the latter making up the d-block) Pnictogens: The elements of group 15: N, P, As, Sb, Bi † Chalcogens: The elements of group 16: O, S, Se, Te, Po † Halogens: The elements of group 17: F, Cl, Br, I, At † Noble gases: The elements of group 18: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn †
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
This is a list of chemical elements and their atomic properties, ordered by atomic number (Z).. Since valence electrons are not clearly defined for the d-block and f-block elements, there not being a clear point at which further ionisation becomes unprofitable, a purely formal definition as number of electrons in the outermost shell has been used.
The alpha allotrope is red-colored and has the Pb–O distance of 230 pm; the beta allotrope is yellow-colored and has the Pb–O distance of 221 and 249 pm (due to asymmetry). [5] Thanks to the similarity, both allotropes can exist under standard conditions (beta with small (10 −5 relative) impurities, such as Si, Ge, Mo, etc.).
Elements in the same group tend to show similar chemical characteristics. Vertical, horizontal and diagonal trends characterize the periodic table. Metallic character increases going down a group and from right to left across a period. Nonmetallic character increases going from the bottom left of the periodic table to the top right.
The first letter is always capitalized. While the symbol is often a contraction of the element's name, it may sometimes not match the element's English name; for example, "Pb" for lead (from Latin plumbum) or "W" for tungsten (from German Wolfram). Elements which have only temporary systematic names are given temporary three-letter symbols (e.g ...
Lead sesquioxide, Pb 2 O 3, which is a lead (II,IV) oxide as well (lead(II) metaplumbate(IV) [Pb 2+][PbO 2− 3]), reddish yellow Pb 12 O 19 , monoclinic, dark-brown or black crystals The so-called black lead oxide , which is a mixture of PbO and fine-powdered Pb metal and used in the production of lead–acid batteries .