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The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition.The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded equally often in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note [3] through the use of tone rows, orderings of the 12 pitch classes.
The all-interval twelve-tone row is a tone row arranged so that it contains one instance of each interval within the octave, 0 through 11. The "total chromatic" (or "aggregate") [13] is the set of all twelve pitch classes. An "array" is a succession of aggregates. [13] The term is also used to refer to lattices.
This is a list of tone rows and series. For a list of unordered collections, see set (music) , Forte number , list of set classes , and trope (music) . Twelve tone rows
The Grandmother chord is an eleven-interval, twelve-note, invertible chord with all of the properties of the Mother chord. Additionally, the intervals are so arranged that they alternate odd and even intervals (counted by semitones) and that the odd intervals successively decrease by one whole-tone while the even intervals successively increase by one whole-tone. [13]
The work is the earliest in which Schoenberg employs a row of "12 tones related only to one another" in every movement: [citation needed] the earlier 5 Stücke, Op. 23 (1920–23) employs a 12-tone row only in the final waltz movement, and the Serenade, Op. 24, uses a single row in its central Sonnet. The basic tone row of the suite consists of ...
A 12-tone row has hexachordal combinatoriality with another 12-tone row if their respective first (as well as second, because a 12-tone row itself forms an aggregate by definition) hexachords form an aggregate. There are four main types of combinatoriality. A hexachord may be: Prime combinatorial (transposition) Retrograde combinatorial
His 8 symphonies (see e.g. the article on Symphony No.1 (Op.33, 1958)) either use the twelve-tone technique, or serial techniques with other kinds of rows, or both [5] Lou Harrison. Rapunzel (1952) Symphony on G (1952) Josef Matthias Hauer. All works written after August 1919 (though the twelve-tone technique used is not Schoenberg's system)
Principal forms of Webern's tone row from movement 1. [9] The first simultaneous pairing of row forms is P1 and R8, and as with the principal forms, each hexachord fills in a chromatic fourth, with B as the pivot (end of P1 and beginning of IR8), and thus linked by the prominent tritone in the center of the row. [10]