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Third heart sound. Third heart sound. Other names. Ventricular gallop, protodiastolic gallop. Diagram of the heart. Specialty. Cardiology. The third heart sound or S3 is a rare extra heart sound that occurs soon after the normal two "lub-dub" heart sounds (S 1 and S 2). S 3 is associated with heart failure.
An S3 heart sound is best heard with the bell-side of the stethoscope (used for lower frequency sounds). A left-sided S3 is best heard in the left lateral decubitus position and at the apex of the heart, which is normally located in the 5th left intercostal space at the midclavicular line.
Additional heart sounds may also be present and these give rise to gallop rhythms. A third heart sound, S3 usually indicates an increase in ventricular blood volume. A fourth heart sound S4 is referred to as an atrial gallop and is produced by the sound of blood being forced into a stiff ventricle. The combined presence of S3 and S4 give a ...
A Wiggers diagram, named after its developer, Carl Wiggers, is a unique diagram that has been used in teaching cardiac physiology for more than a century. [1][2] In the Wiggers diagram, the X-axis is used to plot time subdivided into the cardiac phases, while the Y-axis typically contains the following on a single grid: The Wiggers diagram ...
Cardiology. A gallop rhythm refers to a (usually abnormal) rhythm of the heart on auscultation. [1] It includes three or four sounds, thus resembling the sounds of a gallop. The normal heart rhythm contains two audible heart sounds called S 1 and S 2 that give the well-known "lub-dub" rhythm; they are caused by the closing of valves in the heart.
Aortic regurgitation (AR), also known as aortic insufficiency (AI), is the leaking of the aortic valve of the heart that causes blood to flow in the reverse direction during ventricular diastole, from the aorta into the left ventricle. As a consequence, the cardiac muscle is forced to work harder than normal. [ 4 ]
Heart murmur. Heart murmurs are unique heart sounds produced when blood flows across a heart valve or blood vessel. [ 1 ] This occurs when turbulent blood flow creates a sound loud enough to hear with a stethoscope. [ 2 ] The sound differs from normal heart sounds by their characteristics.
S3 heart sound; S4 heart sound; Triple or quadruple gallop due to widely split S1 and S2 sounds plus a loud S3 and/or S4; Systolic murmur of tricuspid regurgitation = Holosystolic or early systolic murmur along the lower left sternal border depending on the severity of the regurgitation; Right atrial hypertrophy; Right ventricular conduction ...
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