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This is a list of medieval musical instruments used in European music during the Medieval period. It covers the period from before 1150 to 1400 A.D.
The Early Medieval period was dominated by religious vocal music, with plainsong or Gregorian chant the best known examples of this. But, later on, the rise of secular music and music for the purposes of entertainment coincided with the development of musical instruments.
This article consists of a list of such instruments in the European tradition, including both instruments that are now obsolete and early versions of instruments that continued to be used in later classical music.
In the 14th century, partly because of the declining political strength of the church, the setting for new developments in music shifted from the sacred field to the secular, from the church to the court. This shift led in turn to a new emphasis on instrumental music and performance. Already the lower voices began to be performed on instruments ...
During the fourteenth century, instruments were often grouped into "high" and "low," according to loudness. The low instruments included the harp, vielle, lute, Psaltery, portative organ, transverse flute, and recorder. The shawm, cornett, slide trumpet, and sackbut were considered high instruments.
An examination of the literature as well as the iconography results in the conclusion that no instrument other than the organ was used in liturgical celebrations prior to the late 14th century. The discussion includes an analysis of the reason instruments appear in the texts.
Instruments and Their Music; By Nigel Wilkins; Edited by Mark Everist, University of Southampton, Thomas Forrest Kelly, Harvard University, Massachusetts; Book: The Cambridge History of Medieval Music; Online publication: 04 August 2018; Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9780511979866.015
Scraped idiophones, known in Europe since Paleolithic times, are encountered as scraped pots intermittently from the 12th century on; such noisemakers were played—to judge by a 14th-century miniature—with other percussive instruments, such as jingle rings and pellet bells, for merrymaking.
The l4th century writer Konrad of Megenberg had this to say about the sound and effect of all the loud instruments: Nakers. 14th-century manuscript illumination (detail) from Boethius, De Arithmetica.
Tradition and Innovation in Fourteenth-Century Instrumental Music; By Keith Polk; Edited by Benjamin Brand, University of North Texas, David J. Rothenberg, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio; Book: Music and Culture in the Middle Ages and Beyond; Online publication: 03 November 2016