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Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a naturally occurring unsaturated isothiocyanate. The colorless oil is responsible for the pungent taste of cruciferous vegetables such as mustard , radish , horseradish , and wasabi .
The natural role of glucosinolates are as plant defense compounds. The enzyme myrosinase removes the glucose group in sinigrin to give an intermediate which spontaneously rearranges to allyl isothiocyanate, the compound responsible for the pungent taste of Dijon mustard.
A prominent natural isothiocyanate is allyl isothiocyanate, also known as mustard oils. Cruciferous vegetables, such as bok choy, broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, kale, and others, are rich sources of glucosinolate precursors of isothiocyanates. [1]
Its pungent flavor is due to allyl isothiocyanate, a phytochemical of plants in the mustard family, Brassicaceae (for example, cabbage, horseradish or wasabi).. Mustard oil has about 60% monounsaturated fatty acids (42% erucic acid and 12% oleic acid); it has about 21% polyunsaturated fats (6% the omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid and 15% the omega-6 linoleic acid), and it has about 12% saturated fats.
Allyl isothiocyanate is the pungent ingredient in fresh horseradish sauce. The distinctive pungent taste of horseradish is from the compound allyl isothiocyanate. Upon crushing the flesh of horseradish, the enzyme myrosinase is released and acts on the glucosinolates sinigrin and gluconasturtiin, which are precursors to the allyl isothiocyanate.
Glucosinolates are also called mustard oil glycosides. The standard product of the reaction is the isothiocyanate (mustard oil); the other two products mainly occur in the presence of specialised plant proteins that alter the outcome of the reaction. [12] A mustard oil glycoside 1 is converted to an isothiocyanate 3 (mustard oil).
Sinigrin (the precursor to allyl isothiocyanate) broccoli family, brussels sprouts, black mustard. Glucotropaeolin (the precursor to benzyl isothiocyanate) Gluconasturtiin (the precursor to phenethyl isothiocyanate) Glucoraphanin (the precursor to sulforaphane) brassicas: broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbages.
Garlic mustard produces allelochemicals, mainly in the form of the compounds allyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate, [12] which suppress mycorrhizal fungi that most plants, including native forest trees, require for optimum growth. [13]