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Public places and sidewalks are despoiled with filth and litter, rivers and canals act as garbage dumps. In part, India's garbage crisis is from rising congestion. India's waste problem also points to a stunning failure of governance. [8] The tourism regions in the country mainly hill stations are also facing this issue in the recent years. [40]
In the 1980s, India had borrowed heavily from international lenders, in part to finance infrastructure projects and industrialization. However, by 1991, the country was facing a severe balance of payments crisis, as it was unable to service its debt and was running out of foreign exchange reserves. [19]
At 4 °C an extremely wet monsoon which currently has a 1 in 100 year's chance will occur in every 10 years by 2100. Extremes in maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation will increase particularly over western coast and central and north-east India. [19] The dry years are expected to be drier and wet years wetter due to Climate Change.
From being a relatively struggling country in its formative years, [3] the Republic of India has emerged as a fast growing G20 major economy. [4] [5] India has sometimes been referred to as a great power and a potential superpower given its large and growing economy, military and population. [6] [7] [8] [9]
Over the past decade air pollution has increased in India significantly. Asthma is the most common health problem faced by Indians and it accounts for more than half of the health issues caused by air pollution. [43] [44] Air pollution is believed to be one of the key factors in accelerating the onset of Alzheimer's disease in India. [45]
Corruption in India is an issue which affects economy of central, state, and local government agencies. Corruption is blamed for stunting the economy of India. [1] A study conducted by Transparency International in 2005 recorded that more than 62% of Indians had at some point or another paid a bribe to a public official to get a job done.
Other related issues include farmer suicides and the state of the economy in India. India reported a total 296,438 Indian farmers suicides between 1995 and 2015. [83] [84] In 2019, 10,281 people who work in the farming sector committed suicide, that is 28 people a day. [85]
The economic problems inherited at independence were exacerbated by the costs associated with the partition, which had resulted in about 2 to 4 million refugees fleeing past each other across the new borders between India and Pakistan. Refugee settlement was a considerable economic strain. Partition divided India into complementary economic zones.