Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Enterotoxins have a particularly marked effect upon the gastrointestinal tract, causing traveler's diarrhea and food poisoning. The action of enterotoxins leads to increased chloride ion permeability of the apical membrane of intestinal mucosal cells.
Heat-stable enterotoxins (STs) are secretory peptides produced by some bacterial strains, such as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli [2] which are in general toxic to animals. These peptides keep their 3D structure and remain active at temperatures as high as 100 °C.
Enterotoxins are chromosomally encoded exotoxins that are produced and secreted from several bacterial organisms. It is a heat stable toxin and is resistant to digestive protease . [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is the ingestion of the toxin that causes the inflammation and swelling of the intestine.
Studies have shown that esophageal cancer can be related back to corn grain that contains fumonisins. [38] Other effects from fumonisins are birth defects of the brain, spine, and spinal cord. [38] In animals, problems with the pulmonary edema and hydrothorax swines have been proven to have association with fumonisins. [38]
Koch's postulation was proven correct by Indian microbiologist Sambhu Nath De, who in 1951 studied and documented the effects of injecting rabbits with heat-killed cholera bacteria. [5] He concluded from this experiment that an endotoxin liberated upon disintegration of the bacteria was the cause of the symptoms of cholera. [ 5 ]
Different STs recognize distinct receptors on the cell surface and thereby affect different intracellular signaling pathways. For example, STa enterotoxins bind and activate membrane-bound guanylate cyclase, which leads to the intracellular accumulation of cyclic GMP and downstream effects on several signaling pathways. These events lead to the ...
[2] [failed verification] The ones that do are collectively known as enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and are major causes of foodborne illness. When infecting the large intestine of humans, they often cause gastroenteritis , enterocolitis , and bloody diarrhea (hence the name "enterohemorrhagic") and sometimes cause a severe complication ...
Commercially available ovalbumin that is contaminated with LPS can falsify research results, as it does not accurately reflect the effect of the protein antigen on animal physiology. [ 75 ] In pharmaceutical production, it is necessary to remove all traces of endotoxin from drug product containers, as even small amounts of endotoxin will cause ...