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Within the broad field of drug delivery, the development of stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems has created the ability to tune drug delivery systems to achieve more controlled dosing and targeted specificity based on material response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli.
Ultrasound-triggered drug delivery using stimuli-responsive hydrogels refers to the process of using ultrasound energy for inducing drug release from hydrogels that are sensitive to acoustic stimuli. This method of approach is one of many stimuli-responsive drug delivery-based systems that has gained traction in recent years due to its ...
Example of a drug release system triggered by the stretching of an elastomer as a consequence of a finger bending. [7] Stretch-triggered drug delivery has a variety of applications. Intracellular transfection can be achieved through drug-delivery systems that are responsive to mechanical stimuli. [3]
To control when a drug is released, immunoliposomes are being developed that can sense stimuli. This stimuli can come from the microenvironment of a tumor using factors such as reduced pH, temperature, and enzyme levels. [6] External stimuli like light, heat, magnetic fields, or ultrasound can also act as a trigger for drug release. [6]
This is when the development of "smart drug delivery" originated. Encapsulated within the idea of smart drug delivery is the use of gated delivery systems. Researchers discovered that certain materials could be loaded and capped to prevent premature drug release. The caps could subsequently be removed using different external stimuli.
Drug delivery systems have been around for many years, but there are a few recent applications of drug delivery that warrant 1. Drug delivery to the brain: Many drugs can be harmful when administered systemically; the brain is very sensitive to medications and can easily cause damage if a drug is administered directly into the bloodstream.
The conditioned compensatory response model, formed by Siegel (1975), postulates that the conditioned response is opposite to the unconditioned drug effect, such that the conditioned response is part of a homeostatic response resulting in the development of drug tolerance. [8] [12] Each conditioning model is empirically supported. [13]
These drug delivery systems have been created to react to the pH environment of diseased or cancerous tissues, triggering structural and chemical changes within the drug delivery system. [3] This form of targeted drug delivery is to localize drug delivery, prolongs the drug's effect, and protect the drug from being broken down or eliminated by ...