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Wall studs are framing components in timber or steel-framed walls, that run between the top and bottom plates.It is a fundamental element in frame building. The majority non-masonry buildings rely on wall studs, with wood being the most common and least-expensive material used for studs.
Finished lumber is supplied in standard sizes, mostly for the construction industry – primarily softwood, from coniferous species, including pine, fir and spruce (collectively spruce-pine-fir), cedar, and hemlock, but also some hardwood, for high-grade flooring. It is more commonly made from softwood than hardwoods, and 80% of lumber comes ...
Batter boards (or battre boards, Sometimes mispronounced as "battle boads") are temporary frames, set beyond the corners of a planned foundation at precise elevations. These batter boards [ 1 ] are then used to hold layout lines (construction twine) to indicate the limits [ 2 ] (edges and corners) of the foundation.
Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. . These stick members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral strength along a
In modern wood construction, sills usually come in sizes of 2×4, 2×6, 2×8, and 2×10. In stick framing, the sill is made of treated lumber, and is anchored to the foundation wall, often with J-bolts, to keep the building from coming off the foundation during a severe storm or earthquake. Building codes require that the bottom of the sill ...
[citation needed] PSL can be made from any wood species, but Douglas fir, southern pine, western hemlock, and yellow poplar are commonly chosen [9] because of their superior strength. The product is manufactured as a 12-by-12-inch (300 mm × 300 mm) or 12-by-18-inch (300 mm × 460 mm) billet in a rectangular cross-section, which is then ...
The wood is categorized as a board if its width is less than 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (64 mm), and its thickness is less than 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (38 mm). A plank used in a building as a horizontal supporting member that runs between foundations, walls, or beams to support a ceiling or floor is called a joist.
The invention of laminated veneer lumber as known today can be attributed to Arthur Troutner. While glue laminated wood veneers were in use since the middle of the 19th century on a small scale for furniture and pianos, Troutner was the first to develop a laminated veneer lumber of a scale large enough to be used in construction.