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  2. Jabriyya - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabriyya

    Jabriyya Arabic: جبرية, romanized: Jabriyyah̅n rooted from j-b-r; was an Islamic theological group based on the belief that humans are controlled by predestination, without having choice or free will, in the sense which gives the meaning of someone who is forced or coerced by destiny. [1]

  3. Predestination in Islam - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predestination_in_Islam

    Predestination/Divine Destiny is one of Sunni Islam's six articles of faith, (along with belief in the Oneness of Allah, the Revealed Books, the Prophets of Islam, the Day of Resurrection and Angels). In Sunni discourse, those who assert free-will are called Qadariyya, while those who reject free-will are called Jabriyya. [8]

  4. Islamic eschatology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_eschatology

    Opponents of predestination in early Islam, (al-Qadariyah, Muʿtazila) argued that if God has already determined everything that will happen, God's human creation cannot really have free will over decisions to do good or evil, or control of whether they suffer eternal torment in Jahannam—which is something that (the opponents believe) a just ...

  5. Qadariyah - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadariyah

    Qadariyyah (Arabic: قَدَرِيَّة, romanized: Qadariyya), also Qadarites or Kadarites, from qadar (), meaning "power", [1] [2] was originally a derogatory term designating early Islamic theologians who rejected the concept of predestination in Islam, qadr, and asserted that humans possess absolute free will, making them responsible for their actions, justifying divine punishment and ...

  6. Islamic view of the Bible - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_view_of_the_Bible

    Ninth century Islamic commentators who invoked significant sections of the Bible in their writings include Ibn Qutaybah (d. 889) and his translation of Genesis 1–3, and Al-Qasim al-Rassi (d. 860) who included a large portion of the Book of Matthew in his Refutation of Christians. [36]

  7. Problem of Hell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_Hell

    In Islam, Jahannam (hell) is the final destiny and place of punishment in Afterlife for those guilty of disbelief and (according to some interpretations) evil doing in their lives on earth. [34] Hell is regarded as necessary for Allah's (God's) divine justice and justified by God's absolute sovereignty, and an "integral part of Islamic theology ...

  8. Argument from free will - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument_from_free_will

    If it is now necessary that C, then C cannot be otherwise (this is the definition of “necessary”). That is, there are no actual "possibilities" due to predestination. If you cannot do otherwise when you act, you do not act freely (Principle of Alternate Possibilities) Therefore, when you do an act, you will not do it freely.

  9. Theological determinism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_determinism

    The concept of theological determinism has its origins within the Bible as well as within Christianity. A major theological dispute at the time of the sixteenth century would help to force a distinct division in ideas – with an argument between two eminent thinkers of the time, Desiderius Erasmus and Martin Luther, a leading Protestant Reformer.