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Spatiotemporal patterns are patterns that occur in a wide range of natural phenoma and are characterized by a spatial and temporal patterning. The general rules of pattern formation hold. In contrast to "static", pure spatial patterns, the full complexity of spatiotemporal patterns can only be recognized over time.
Spatial autocorrelation that is more positive than expected from random indicate the clustering of similar values across geographic space, while significant negative spatial autocorrelation indicates that neighboring values are more dissimilar than expected by chance, suggesting a spatial pattern similar to a chess board.
The spatial distribution of the population and development are closely related to each other, especially in the context of sustainability.The challenges related to the spatial spread of a population include: rapid urbanization and population concentration, rural population, urban management and poverty housing, displaced persons and refugees.
This branch of geography integrates demographic data with spatial analysis to understand patterns such as population density, urbanization, and migration trends. Population geography involves demography in a geographical perspective. [a] It focuses on the
Spatial ecology studies the ultimate distributional or spatial unit occupied by a species.In a particular habitat shared by several species, each of the species is usually confined to its own microhabitat or spatial niche because two species in the same general territory cannot usually occupy the same ecological niche for any significant length of time.
In landscape ecology, spatial configuration describes the spatial pattern of patches in a landscape.Most traditional spatial configuration measurements take into account aspects of patches within the landscape, including patches' size, shape, density, connectivity and fractal dimension.
Point pattern analysis (PPA) [1] is the study of point patterns, the spatial arrangements of points in space (usually 2-dimensional space). The simplest formulation is a set X = { x ∈ D } where D , which can be called the 'study region,' is a subset of R n , a n -dimensional Euclidean space .
Figure and Ground theory is founded on the study of the relationship of land coverage of buildings as solid mass (figure) to open voids (ground) Each urban environment has an existing pattern of solid and voids, and figure and ground approach to spatial design is an attempt to manipulate these relationships by adding to, subtracting from, or ...