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Selenium deficiency occurs when an organism lacks the required levels of selenium, a critical nutrient in many species.Deficiency, although relatively rare in healthy well-nourished individuals, [1] can have significant negative results, [2] affecting the health of the heart and the nervous system; contributing to depression, anxiety, and dementia; and interfering with reproduction and gestation.
Selenium is a component of the amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is a trace element nutrient that functions as cofactor for glutathione peroxidases and certain forms of thioredoxin reductase. [1] Selenium-containing proteins are produced from inorganic selenium via the intermediacy of selenophosphate (PSeO 3 3 ...
Selenium is, however, an essential mineral element for animal (including human) nutrition and selenium deficiencies are known to occur when food or animal feed is grown on selenium-deficient soils. The use of inorganic selenium fertilizers can increase selenium concentrations in edible crops and animal diets thereby improving animal health. [31]
Selenium deficiency: Significant negative results, [29] affecting the health of the heart, Keshan disease and the nervous system; contributing to depression, anxiety, and dementia; and interfering with reproduction and gestation. People dependent on food grown from selenium-deficient soil may be at risk for deficiency. [30] Sodium deficiency
Selenium is found in metal sulfide ores, where it substitutes for sulfur. Commercially, selenium is produced as a byproduct in the refining of these ores. Minerals that are pure selenide or selenate compounds are rare. The chief commercial uses for selenium today are glassmaking and pigments. Selenium is a semiconductor and is used in photocells.
iodine deficiency / iodism (hyperthyroidism [31]) Molybdenum: 0.045 2; 0.6 Required for the functioning of xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase [32] Legumes, whole grains, nuts [29] molybdenum deficiency / molybdenum toxicity [33] Selenium: 0.055 0.4; 0.3 Essential to activity of antioxidant enzymes like glutathione peroxidase
It may be treated with selenium supplementation, but there is a 30–45% mortality rate. [7] Other sequelae include aspiration pneumonia, failure of passive transfer, and stunting of growth. Clinical laboratory changes include evidence of rhabdomyolysis (elevated CK and AST, myoglobinuria ) and low blood selenium levels.
The isotope selenium-75 has radiopharmaceutical uses. For example, it is used in high-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy, as an alternative to iridium-192. [8]In paleobiogeochemistry, the ratio in amount of selenium-82 to selenium-76 (i.e, the value of δ 82/76 Se) can be used to track down the redox conditions on Earth during the Neoproterozoic era in order to gain a deeper understanding of ...