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Umlaut (/ ˈ ʊ m l aʊ t /) is a name for the two dots diacritical mark ( ̈) as used to indicate in writing (as part of the letters ä , ö , and ü ) the result of the historical sound shift due to which former back vowels are now pronounced as front vowels (for example , , and as , , and ).
Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with two dots above the letter. A-umlaut was written as an A with a small e written above (Aͤ aͤ): this minute e degenerated to two vertical bars in medieval handwriting (A̎ a̎). In most later handwritings these bars in turn nearly became dots.
Small capital I with stroke IPA Oxford University Press dictionary convention English /ɨ/ or /ə/ Ɩ ɩ ᶥ Iota Bissa, Kabye; cf. Greek: Ɩ ɩ: J ȷ Dotless j Old High German: ᴊ: Small capital J FUT [2] K: Kelvin sign Kelvin unit of measure temperature; character decomposition is a capital K ᴋ: Small capital K FUT [2] Ʞ ʞ: Turned K IPA ...
Diacritical marks of two dots ¨, placed side-by-side over or under a letter, are used in several languages for several different purposes. The most familiar to English-language speakers are the diaeresis and the umlaut , though there are numerous others.
A dot above and a dot below a letter represent [a], transliterated as a or ă, Two diagonally-placed dots above a letter represent [ɑ], transliterated as ā or â or å, Two horizontally-placed dots below a letter represent [ɛ], transliterated as e or ĕ; often pronounced [ɪ] and transliterated as i in the East Syriac dialect,
These are usually handwritten on the paper containing the text. Symbols are interleaved in the text, while abbreviations may be placed in a margin with an arrow pointing to the problematic text. Different languages use different proofreading marks and sometimes publishers have their own in-house proofreading marks.
The Swedish traditional handwritten alphabet is the same as the ordinary Latin cursive alphabet, but the letters ö and ä are written by connecting the dots with a curved line, identical to a tilde ̃ , hence looking like õ and ã .
TILDE WITH RING ABOVE U+2E1B: Po, other Common ⸞ TILDE WITH DOT ABOVE U+2E1E: Po, other Common ⸟ TILDE WITH DOT BELOW U+2E1F: Po, other Common ⸪ TWO DOTS OVER ONE DOT PUNCTUATION U+2E2A: Po, other Common ⸫ ONE DOT OVER TWO DOTS PUNCTUATION U+2E2B: Po, other Common ⸬ SQUARED FOUR DOT PUNCTUATION U+2E2C: Po, other Common ⸭ FIVE DOT ...