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Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained.
Gagné was also involved in applying concepts of instructional theory to the design of computer-based training and multimedia-based learning. [ citation needed ] His work is sometimes summarized as the Gagné assumption : that different types of learning exist, and that different instructional conditions are most likely to bring about these ...
Social cognitive theory proposes that much of human learning occurs through the social environment. [3] [2] Many ideas surrounding social cognitive theory were proposed by Albert Bandura, a clinical psychologist. Unlike behaviorism, which argues that learning is caused through the reinforcement of actions and routines, social cognitive theory ...
Theorists like John Dewey, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, whose collective work focused on how students learn, have informed the move to student-centered learning.Dewey was an advocate for progressive education, and he believed that learning is a social and experiential process by making learning an active process as children learn by doing.
Constructivist learning theory states that all knowledge is constructed from a base of prior knowledge. As such, children are not to be treated as a blank slate, and make sense of classroom material in the context of his or her current knowledge. [3]
Self-directed theory states that humans by nature seek purpose and the desire to make a contribution and to be part of a cause greater and more enduring then oneself. Contextual learning can help bring relevance and meaning to the learning, helping students relate to the world they live in. [9]
Flow state theory suggests that when individuals are in a state of flow, they experience deep immersion, focus, and intrinsic motivation in their activities. [52] In the context of education, flow has been associated with increased student engagement, which is a key determinant of learning success.
On a similar note, cumulative cultural learning is the idea that children inherit group-specific knowledge from the cultural ecologies they inhabit. [11] Children construct new knowledge by updating and revising previous beliefs, learning through observations, participation and imitation. [ 11 ]