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Ranging rod and Offset rod. A ranging rod, or range rod, is a surveying instrument used for marking the position of stations, and for sightings of those stations, as well as for ranging straight lines. [1] Initially these were made of light, thin, and straight bamboo, or of well seasoned wood such as teak, pine, or deodar.
Topographer's rods are special purpose rods used in topographical surveys. The rod has the zero mark at mid-height and the graduations increase in both directions away from the mid-height. In use, the rod is adjusted so that the zero point is level with the instrument (or the surveyor's eye if he is using a hand level for low-resolution work).
Johannes Werner suggested the cross-staff be used at sea in 1514 [10] and improved instruments were introduced for use in navigation. John Dee introduced it to England in the 1550s. [1] In the improved versions, the rod was graduated directly in degrees. This variant of the instrument is not correctly termed a Jacob's staff but is a cross-staff ...
The rod, perch, or pole (sometimes also lug) is a surveyor's tool [1] and unit of length of various historical definitions. In British imperial and US customary units, it is defined as 16 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet, equal to exactly 1 ⁄ 320 of a mile, or 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 yards (a quarter of a surveyor's chain), and is exactly 5.0292 meters.
Instruments used in surveying include: Alidade; Alidade table; Cosmolabe; Dioptra; Dumpy level; Engineer's chain; Geodimeter; Graphometer; Groma (surveying) Laser scanning; Level; Level staff; Measuring tape; Plane table; Pole (surveying) Prism (surveying) (corner cube retroreflector) Prismatic compass (angle measurement) Ramsden surveying ...
Surveying equipment, such as levels and theodolites, are used for accurate measurement of angular deviation, horizontal, vertical and slope distances. With computerisation, electronic distance measurement (EDM) , total stations , GNSS surveying and laser scanning have supplemented (and to a large extent supplanted) the traditional optical ...
It can be used as a hand-held instrument or mounted on a Jacob's staff for more precise measurement, and it is small enough to carry in a coat pocket. [1] [2] The Abney level is an easy to use, relatively inexpensive, and, when used correctly, an accurate surveying tool.
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related to: offset rods in surveying instruments for sale