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In 1975, the National Commission on Resources for Youth in the United States defined youth participation as: ...Youth participation is the involving of youth in responsible, challenging action that meets genuine needs, with opportunities for planning and/or decision-making affecting others in an activity whose impact or consequence is extended ...
Positive youth development can be used to combat negative stereotypes surrounding youth of minority ethnic groups in the U.S. after-school programs have been directly geared to generate increased participation for African American and Latino youth with a focus on academic achievement and increasing high school graduation rates. [21]
The Revised European Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life is an international policy document to promote youth participation at the local level. Since its adoption by the Congress of the Council of Europe in 2003 it has achieved wide recognition as a key reference policy document for the political ...
Youth participation in civic activities has been found to be linked to a student's race, academic track, and their school's socioeconomic status. [24] The American Political Science Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy has found that those with higher socioeconomic status participate at higher rates than those with lower status. [25]
Youth empowerment examines six interdependent dimensions: psychological, community, organizational, economic, social and cultural. [1] [8] Psychological empowerment enhances individual's consciousness, belief in self-efficacy, awareness and knowledge of problems and solutions and of how individuals can address problems that harm their quality of life. [1]
Youth mainstreaming is a public policy concept. The Commonwealth of Nations describes it in this context: [1]. National youth development is often the sole responsibility of the government ministry or department where the youth portfolio lies, whereas youth issues should be mainstreamed across various sectors and line ministries such as health, finance, economic development, housing, justice ...
The presence of youth culture is a relatively recent historical phenomenon. There are several dominant theories about the emergence of youth culture in the 20th century, which include hypotheses about the historical, economic, and psychological influences on the presence of youth culture.
Additionally, it is commonly acknowledged that "little quantitative research has been conducted regarding the issue of youth voice", [19] while the qualitative research on youth voice is often seen as minimally effective, as well, due to a limited scope focused on youth participation in decision-making and opinion-sharing. [20] [21]