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The most common form of sterilization in dogs and cats is surgical, spaying in females and castration in males. Non-surgical fertility control can either result in sterilization or temporary contraception and could offer a cheaper way to keep wild dog and cat populations under control. As of 2019, only contraceptives are commercially available.
Oral contraceptives may also be developed for population control among a variety of animals, including deer, feral pigs, coyotes, cougars, dogs and cats. [8] One product that has been developed for rodents like mice and rats , which originally went by the name Mouseopause , was approved for commercial use under the name ContraPest . [ 9 ]
Different forms of birth control have different potential side effects. Not all, or even most, users will experience side effects from a method. The less effective the method, the greater the risk of pregnancy, and the side effects associated with pregnancy. Minimal or no side effects occur with coitus interruptus, fertility awareness-based ...
For some users, these side effects lead them to discontinue use. [23] The most common side effect of the contraceptive implant is irregular bleeding, which includes both reduced and increased levels of bleeding. [24] Other side effects include mood changes and mild insulin resistance. [21]
The risk of VTE with estradiol/nomegestrol acetate birth control pills is under study. [11] Incidence of irregular vaginal bleeding may be higher with estradiol-containing birth control pills in relation to the fact that estradiol is a weaker estrogen than ethinylestradiol in the endometrium. [3]
The diaphragm is a barrier method of birth control. [3] It is moderately effective, with a one-year failure rate of around 12% with typical use. [4] It is placed over the cervix with spermicide before sex and left in place for at least six hours after sex. [5] [6] Fitting by a healthcare provider is generally required. [5] Side effects are ...
[17] [4] However, it is thought that the antiandrogenic activity of CPA may only be significant at higher doses than are present in birth control pills. [ 4 ] [ 19 ] Both EE and CPA have antigonadotropic effects and act as contraceptives in women by suppressing ovulation . [ 17 ]
Oral contraceptives, abbreviated OCPs, also known as birth control pills, are medications taken by mouth for the purpose of birth control. The introduction of the birth control pill ("the Pill") in 1960 revolutionized the options for contraception, sparking vibrant discussion in the scientific and social science literature and in the media.