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This set of models is often referred to collectively as SGP4 due to the frequency of use of that model particularly with two-line element sets produced by NORAD and NASA. These models predict the effect of perturbations caused by the Earth’s shape, drag, radiation, and gravitation effects from other bodies such as the sun and moon.
The Satellite Catalog Number (SATCAT), also known as NORAD Catalog Number, NORAD ID, USSPACECOM object number, is a sequential nine-digit number assigned by the United States Space Command (USSPACECOM), and previously the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), in the order of launch or discovery to all artificial objects in the orbits of Earth and those that left Earth's orbit. [1]
Keplerian elements parameters can be encoded as text in a number of formats. The most common of them is the NASA / NORAD "two-line elements" (TLE) format, [4] originally designed for use with 80 column punched cards, but still in use because it is the most common format, and 80-character ASCII records can be handled efficiently by modern databases.
By December 2021, these prototype satellites had passed critical design reviews, meaning manufacturing can move forward. [ 5 ] In February 2024, the Department of Defense (DOD) announced the successful launch and trajectory insertion of six satellites, which include two prototypes of the HBTSS.
The aerostat radar data is available to NORAD and U.S. Customs and Border Protection. Since October 2017, the aerostat has been fully utilized by Philippine Navy operators to monitor People's Liberation Army Navy and China Coast Guard movements in the South China Sea and Benham Rise. Daily operations of the aerostat have augmented the ...
The North American Aerospace Defense Command defends North American airspace 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. But on Christmas Eve, it tackles perhaps its most important mission: tracking Santa ...
Nanoracks LLC is an American private in-space services company [1] [2] which builds space hardware and in-space repurposing tools. [3] The company also facilitates experiments and launches of CubeSats to Low Earth Orbit .
The improved version became the standard model for NORAD in the early 1970s, which ultimately led to the creation of the TLE format. At the time there were two formats designed for punch cards , an "internal format" that used three cards encoding complete details for the satellite (including name and other data), and the two card "transmission ...