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  2. Affirmative defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_defense

    Consequently, affirmative defenses limit or excuse a defendant's criminal culpability or civil liability. [5] A clear illustration of an affirmative defense is self defense. [1] In its simplest form, a criminal defendant may be exonerated if he can demonstrate that he had an honest and reasonable belief that another's use of force was unlawful ...

  3. Assumption of risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption_of_risk

    Assumption of risk is a defense, specifically an affirmative defense, in the law of torts, which bars or reduces a plaintiff's right to recovery against a negligent tortfeasor if the defendant can demonstrate that the plaintiff voluntarily and knowingly assumed the risks at issue inherent to the dangerous activity in which the plaintiff was participating at the time of their injury.

  4. United States tort law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_tort_law

    This is a partial privilege. A party who has this privilege is still liable for damage caused. This defense is therefore more important when there is a concomitant issue of whether the opposing party has a valid privilege of defense of property. The following example is derived from an actual Vermont case from 1908 called Ploof v. Putnam. [1]

  5. Alternative pleading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_pleading

    The United States Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(d)(2) states that "[a] party may set out 2 or more statements of a claim or defense alternatively or hypothetically, either in a single count or defense or in separate ones. If a party makes alternative statements, the pleading is sufficient if any one of them is sufficient."

  6. Torres v. Texas Department of Public Safety - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torres_v._Texas_Department...

    Texas Department of Public Safety, 597 U.S. 580 (2022), was a United States Supreme Court case dealing with the Uniformed Services Employment and Re-employment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA) and state sovereign immunity. In a 5–4 decision issued in June 2022, the Court ruled that state sovereign immunity does not prevent states from being sued ...

  7. Law of Texas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Texas

    [2] [5] In 1963, the Texas legislature began a major revision of the 1925 Texas statutory classification scheme, and as of 1989 over half of the statutory law had been arranged under the recodification process. [2] The de facto codifications are Vernon's Texas Statutes Annotated and Vernon's Texas Codes Annotated, commonly known as Vernon's.

  8. Justification and excuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_and_excuse

    A defense of justification is the product of society's determination that the actual existence of certain circumstances will operate to make proper and legal what otherwise would be criminal conduct. A defense of excuse, contrarily, does not make legal and proper conduct which ordinarily would result in criminal liability; instead, it openly ...

  9. Texas House Bill 588 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_House_Bill_588

    Texas House Bill 588, commonly referred to as the "Top 10% Rule", is a Texas law passed in 1997. It was signed into law by then governor George W. Bush on May 20, 1997. The law guarantees Texas students who graduated in the top ten percent of their high school class automatic admission to all state-funded universities.