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Cannabinol (CBN) is a mildly psychoactive phytocannabinoid that acts as a low affinity partial agonist at both CB 1 and CB 2 receptors.This activity at CB 1 and CB 2 receptors constitutes interaction of CBN with the endocannabinoid system (ECS).
[3] [4] Cannabidiol (CBD) is another major constituent of some cannabis plants. [5] Conversion of CBD to THC can occur when CBD is heated to temperatures between 250–300 °C (480 to 570°F), potentially leading to its partial transformation into THC. [6] At least 113 distinct cannabinoids have been isolated from cannabis. [7]
Acclaimed for relieving chronic pain, some researchers conclude that the evidence is insufficient to determine the effectiveness of CBD in pain relief, primarily due to the challenging access to pure CBD. [41] CBD oil is used for massage therapy as a substitute for body oil and for its health benefits. [42]
An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
In THC, CBD, and CBN, this side-chain is a pentyl (5-carbon) chain. In the most common homologue, the pentyl chain is replaced with a propyl (3-carbon) chain. Cannabinoids with the propyl side chain are named using the suffix varin and are designated THCV, CBDV, or CBNV, while those with the heptyl side chain are named using the suffix phorol ...
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A 2022 review concluded that "oral, synthetic cannabis products with high THC-to-CBD ratios and sublingual, extracted cannabis products with comparable THC-to-CBD ratios may be associated with short-term improvements in chronic pain and increased risk for dizziness and sedation." [164]
CBD is a very low-affinity CB 1 ligand, that can nevertheless affect CB 1 receptor activity in vivo in an indirect manner, while THCV is a high-affinity CB 1 receptor ligand and potent antagonist in vitro and yet only occasionally produces effects in vivo resulting from CB 1 receptor antagonism.