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The following diagnostic systems and rating scales are used in psychiatry and clinical psychology.This list is by no means exhaustive or complete. For instance, in the category of depression, there are over two dozen depression rating scales that have been developed in the past eighty years.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report inventory developed by Dr. Aaron T. Beck that was designed to measure three major aspects of hopelessness: feelings about the future, loss of motivation, and expectations. [1] It is a true-false test is designed for adults, age 17–80.
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a well-known questionnaire for scoring depression based on all three aspects of the triad. Other examples include the Beck Hopelessness Scale [14] for measuring thoughts about the future and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [15] for measuring views of the self.
According to Beck's publisher, 'When Beck began studying depression in the 1950s, the prevailing psychoanalytic theory attributed the syndrome to inverted hostility against the self.' [3] By contrast, the BDI was developed in a novel way for its time; by collating patients' verbatim descriptions of their symptoms and then using these to structure a scale which could reflect the intensity or ...
In 1988, Beck's "hopelessness scale" of 1974 was redeveloped into the first edition of the Beck Hopelessness Scale. [38] This soon became the standard measure of hopelessness, though it was less used than the long existing Beck Depression Inventory .
America’s hopelessness crisis may have less to do with the economy and more to do with Gen Z’s mental health, new survey shows. Clay Routledge, Andrew Abeyta. March 4, 2024 at 6:36 AM.
The means and standard deviations for each scale are 6.34 and 6.97 for depression, 4.7 and 4.91 for anxiety, and 10.11 and 7.91 for stress, respectively. The mean scores in the normative sample did vary slightly between genders as well as varying by age, though the threshold scores for classifications do not change by these variations. [ 1 ]