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Confucian ritual religion (s 礼教, t 禮教 Lǐjiào, "rites' transmission", also called 名教 Míngjiào, the "names' transmission"), or the Confucian civil religion, [1] defines the civil religion of China.
In traditional Confucian philosophy, li is an ethical concept broadly translatable as 'rite'. According to Wing-tsit Chan, li originally referred to religious sacrifices, but has come to mean 'ritual' in a broad sense, with possible translations including 'ceremony', 'ritual', 'decorum', 'propriety', and 'good form'.
Within the Legalist Confucian tradition, "shame" was considered the more effective means of controlling the behaviour of the population, as opposed to punishment, as it allowed individuals to recognise their transgression and engage in self-improvement. [3] In some renderings of the principles, the concept of chi is replaced with honour (耻 ...
Religious Confucianism includes traditional Chinese patriarchal religion in its practice, leading some scholars to call it Tianzuism (Chinese: 天祖教; pinyin: Tiānzǔjiào; lit. 'Church of Heaven and Ancestors') instead to avoid confusion with non-religious Confucianism. [3] [4] It includes such practices as heaven sacrifice, jisi, and ...
The Book of Rites, along with the Rites of Zhou (Zhōulǐ) and the Book of Etiquette and Rites (Yílǐ), which are together known as the "Three Li (Sānlǐ)," constitute the ritual section of the Five Classics which lay at the core of the traditional Confucian canon (each of the "five" classics is a group of works rather than a single text).
The Three Books of Rites or Three Ritual Classics (simplified Chinese: 三礼; traditional Chinese: 三禮; pinyin: Sānlǐ), is a collective name for three Confucian books the Etiquette and Ceremonial, the Rites of Zhou, and the Book of Rites. [1] The name was coined by Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han. [2]
The word Gwanhonsangje (冠婚喪祭) was first used in the classic book Ye-gi (예기禮記), and has since been used in many other works describing various rites. Similar weddings and other practices have been observed since the period of the Three Kingdoms, [1] [2] although it is unclear whether the concept of a Confucian wedding ceremony was firmly established at that time.
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