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If the ISBN is failing to validate, it is likely that there is a typo in the main part of the number. In this case, recalculating the check digit results in an apparently valid ISBN that leads to the wrong source (or to nowhere). If you only have a 10-digit ISBN, do use the number as-is, do not try to convert it to the 13-digit form. If the ...
Do not remove the {{ISBN missing}} template without fixing the problem in one of the following ways: Determine the ISBN, add it to the reference, then remove the {{ISBN missing}} template; For a reference formatted via a Citation Style 1 template, use its ISBN parameter: |isbn=X-XXXX-XXXX-X For a free-form reference:
checksum – ISBN has one or more incorrect digits; look for typos and transposition invalid character – ISBN has one or more 'digits' that is not in the allowed set appropriate to ISBN length invalid prefix – 13-digit ISBNs must begin with '978' or '979' invalid form – 10-digit ISBNs with the mis-positioned 'X' character
1. Use its ISBN parameter to state explicitly that the ISBN does not exist: |isbn=<!-- ISBN unspecified --> (you must use HTML <!-- --> comment tags to hide the message from the citation processing software) 2. Place {} outside the citation template For free-form reference, just add {} to the end of the citation.
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The template takes as argument a valid ISBN and yields the formatted version of that ISBN. Any existing hyphens in the ISBN are ignored, whether or not they are correctly placed: {{format ISBN|97-8-1-57181655-9}} → 978-1-57181-655-9 {{Format ISBN}} is intended to be substituted so that the template call in wikitext is replaced with the ...
Do not convert a 10-digit ISBN to 13-digit by just adding the 978 prefix; the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the ISBN invalid. This parameter should hold only the ISBN without any additional characters. It is checked for length, invalid characters – anything other than numbers, spaces ...
Note that the ISBN hyphenation rule-base is a living document. This is a maintenance category of articles with invalid ISBNs. It is often included by means of the template {{Please check ISBN}}. If you fix an ISBN please remove the template or category from the article. Many article/ISBN problems are listed at WikiProject Check Wikipedia.