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Facultative intracellular parasites are capable of living and reproducing in or outside of host cells. Obligate intracellular parasites, on the other hand, need a host cell to live and reproduce. Many of these types of cells require specialized host types, and invasion of host cells occurs in different ways.
A facultative parasite is an organism that may resort to parasitic activity, but does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of its life cycle. Examples of facultative parasitism occur among many species of fungi , such as family members of the genus Armillaria .
An opportunistic infection is a serious infection caused by pathogens (bacteria, fungi, parasites or viruses) that under normal conditions, such as in humans with uncompromised immune systems, would cause a mild infection or no infection at all.
It is a facultative anaerobic bacterium, capable of surviving in the presence or absence of oxygen. It can grow and reproduce inside the host's cells and is one of the most virulent foodborne pathogens. Twenty to thirty percent of foodborne listeriosis infections in high-risk individuals may be fatal.
Salmonella species are facultative intracellular pathogens. [6] Salmonella can invade different cell types, including epithelial cells , M cells , macrophages , and dendritic cells . [ 55 ] As facultative anaerobic organism , Salmonella uses oxygen to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in aerobic environments (i.e., when oxygen is available).
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Some examples of facultatively anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus spp. , [ 3 ] Escherichia coli , Salmonella , Listeria spp., [ 4 ] Shewanella oneidensis and ...
Research on pathogens is inherently risky: If handled incorrectly, pathogens can escape the lab, for example, or researchers may unintentionally make a pathogen more lethal by modifying it.
It is a facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic pathogen in humans. It was discovered in 1819 by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua , Italy. [ 4 ] S. marcescens is commonly involved in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also called nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia , urinary tract infections , and wound infections ...