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The 1780s (pronounced "seventeen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1780, and ended on December 31, 1789. A period widely considered as transitional between the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution , the 1780s saw the inception of modern philosophy .
Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch, a work by Kant on perpetual peace; Federal Europe, a political aspiration of cosmopolitan Europeans; Genealogical method, a mode of cultural theorising most memorably employed by Friedrich Nietzsche in the 19th century
As a philosophical position, idealism claims that the true objects of knowledge are "ideal," meaning mind-dependent, as opposed to material. The term stems from Plato's view that the "Ideas," the categories or concepts which our mind abstracts from our empirical experience of particular things, are more real than the particulars themselves, which depend on the Ideas rather than the Ideas ...
During the 1780s, the United States had operated under the Articles of Confederation, which was essentially a treaty of thirteen sovereign states. [4] Domestic and foreign policy challenges convinced many in the United States of the need for a new constitution that provided for a stronger national government.
The 1780s marked an economic downturn for the United States due to debts incurred during the Revolutionary War, Congress' inability to levy taxes, and significant inflation of the Continental dollar. Political essays such as Common Sense and The Federalist Papers had a major effect on American culture and public opinion.
The early modern period in history is around c. 1500 –1789, but the label "early modern philosophy" is typically used to refer to a narrower period of time. [3]In the narrowest sense, the term is used to refer principally to the philosophy of the 17th century and 18th century, typically beginning with René Descartes. 17th-century philosophers typically included in such analyses are Thomas ...
Immanuel Kant [a] (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers. Born in Königsberg, Kant's comprehensive and systematic works in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics have made him one of the most influential and controversial figures in modern Western philosophy.
Some colleges reformed their curricula to include natural philosophy (science), modern astronomy, and mathematics, and "new-model" American-style colleges were founded. Politically, the age is distinguished by an emphasis upon consent of the governed , equality under the law , liberty , republicanism and religious tolerance , as clearly ...