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John Fian (alias Cunninghame) (died 27 January 1591) was a Scottish schoolmaster in Prestonpans, East Lothian and purported sorcerer.He confessed to have a compact with the devil while acting as register and scholar to several witches in North Berwick Kirk.
George Francis King (10 January 1934 – 8 November 1994), [1] known as Francis X. King, was a British occult writer and editor from London who wrote about tarot, divination, witchcraft, magic, sex magic, tantra, and holistic medicine.
Valiente made the claim that Gardner found the term "Book of Shadows" from a 1949 edition (Volume I, Number 3) of a magazine known as The Occult Observer. In this edition, she claimed, was an advertisement for Gardner's novel, High Magic's Aid, which was opposite an article titled "The Book of Shadows" written by the palmist Mir Bashir.
Sybil Leek was strong in the defence of her beliefs, and sometimes differed with, and even quarrelled with, other witches. She disapproved of nudity in rituals, which is a requirement in Gardnerian Wicca, and she was strongly against the use of drugs, and she contrasted with most other witches in that she did believe in cursing.
The English term for malevolent practitioners of magic, witch, derived from the earlier Old English term wicce. [88] Ars Magica or magic is a major component and supporting contribution to the belief and practice of spiritual, and in many cases, physical healing throughout the Middle Ages.
The pamphlet contains virtually the only contemporary illustrations of Scottish witchcraft [2] and was the earliest Scottish or English printed document dedicated to only covering witchcraft in Scotland. [5] It provided the first descriptions of the osculum infame, also known as the kiss of shame or the obscene kiss, to the English population. [6]
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Gardnerian Wicca, or Gardnerian witchcraft, is a tradition in the neopagan religion of Wicca, whose members can trace initiatory descent from Gerald Gardner. [1] The tradition is itself named after Gardner (1884–1964), a British civil servant and amateur scholar of magic.