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The Dietary Guidelines for Americans have been criticized for recommending a diet that contains less than 2.3 grams of sodium (5.8 grams of salt/day). Notably, 95% of the world's populations have a mean intake of salt that is between 6g and 12g daily and evidence on the health effects of salt does not support such a severe restriction on salt ...
By the same system, the patient is moderately undernourished if they met at least one of the following criteria: BMI 20.1–22 kg/m 2 and/or 5-10% unintentional weight loss in the past six months. [2]
Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia is difficult and is not standardized. [14] The criteria used for diagnosis of VAP varies by institution, but tends to be a combination of several of the following radiographic, clinical sign, and laboratory evidence: [15] Temperature greater than 38 °C or less than 36 °C [15]
The use of acid-suppressing medications – such as proton-pump inhibitors or H2 blockers – is associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. [33] Approximately 10% of people who require mechanical ventilation develop ventilator-associated pneumonia, [34] and people with a gastric feeding tube have an increased risk of developing aspiration ...
Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection, [2] affecting approximately 450 million people a year and occurring in all parts of the world. [3] It is a major cause of death among all age groups, resulting in 1.4 million deaths in 2010 (7% of the world's yearly total) and 3.0 million deaths in 2016 (the 4th leading cause of death in the world).
Chlamydia pneumoniae [1] is a species of Chlamydia, an obligate intracellular bacterium [2] that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia.It was known as the Taiwan acute respiratory agent (TWAR) from the names of the two original isolates – Taiwan (TW-183) and an acute respiratory isolate designated AR-39. [3]
There are four types of histopathologic patterns seen in ILD: usual interstitial pneumonia, non-specific interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, and diffuse alveolar damage. [8] There is significant overlap of the histopathological and radiologic features of each ILD type making diagnosis challenging; even with lung biopsy, 15% of cases ...
Rates of Mycoplasma pneumonia in all global community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) cases range from 10-15%. [13] [14] The rate of Mycoplasma pneumonia in adults with CAP is estimated to be 15%, and the rate of in children with CAP has been reported at 27.4%. [3] The rates of M. pneumoniae among hospitalized CAP cases are 35% in adults [14] and 24% ...