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  2. Identity (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_(mathematics)

    Visual proof of the Pythagorean identity: for any angle , the point (,) = (⁡, ⁡) lies on the unit circle, which satisfies the equation + =.Thus, ⁡ + ⁡ =. In mathematics, an identity is an equality relating one mathematical expression A to another mathematical expression B, such that A and B (which might contain some variables) produce the same value for all values of the variables ...

  3. List of trigonometric identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_trigonometric...

    These identities are useful whenever expressions involving trigonometric functions need to be simplified. An important application is the integration of non-trigonometric functions: a common technique involves first using the substitution rule with a trigonometric function, and then simplifying the resulting integral with a trigonometric identity.

  4. List of mathematical identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mathematical...

    Heine's identity; Hermite's identity; Lagrange's identity; Lagrange's trigonometric identities; List of logarithmic identities; MacWilliams identity; Matrix determinant lemma; Newton's identity; Parseval's identity; Pfister's sixteen-square identity; Sherman–Morrison formula; Sophie Germain identity; Sun's curious identity; Sylvester's ...

  5. List of logarithmic identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logarithmic_identities

    These are the three main logarithm laws/rules/principles, [3] from which the other properties listed above can be proven. Each of these logarithm properties correspond to their respective exponent law, and their derivations/proofs will hinge on those facts. There are multiple ways to derive/prove each logarithm law – this is just one possible ...

  6. Vector calculus identities - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_calculus_identities

    Comparison of vector algebra and geometric algebra; Del in cylindrical and spherical coordinates – Mathematical gradient operator in certain coordinate systems; Differentiation rules – Rules for computing derivatives of functions; Exterior calculus identities; Exterior derivative – Operation on differential forms; List of limits

  7. List of set identities and relations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_set_identities_and...

    A left identity element that is also a right identity element if called an identity element. The empty set ∅ {\displaystyle \varnothing } is an identity element of binary union ∪ {\displaystyle \cup } and symmetric difference , {\displaystyle \triangle ,} and it is also a right identity element of set subtraction ∖ : {\displaystyle ...

  8. Identity element - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_element

    In mathematics, an identity element or neutral element of a binary operation is an element that leaves unchanged every element when the operation is applied. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] For example, 0 is an identity element of the addition of real numbers .

  9. Identity matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_matrix

    In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size is the square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multiplying by the number 1.