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Freedom of expression in Canada is protected as a "fundamental freedom" by section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; however, in practice the Charter permits the government to enforce "reasonable" limits censoring speech. Hate speech, obscenity, and defamation are common categories of restricted speech in Canada.
The CRTC does not currently regulate internet content. [21] The panel's urgent recommendations were incorporated into Bill C-10. [22] The bill is the first in a series of three bills intended to address online platforms and their influence in Canada, alongside a proposed "online harms" bill that will seek to address online hate speech. [23]
The law was struck down by the Supreme Court of Canada as an attempt to legislate criminal law ultra vires of the provincial legislature in the 1957 Switzman v Elbling decision. In 1949, spearheaded by the campaigning of MP Davie Fulton , crime comics were banned in Canada in Bill 10 of the 21st Canadian Parliament 's 1st session (informally ...
Trudeau has been the cheerful face of modern censorship.
The bill has been opposed by the Conservative Party, free speech advocates including the Canadian Civil Liberties Association, as well as law experts and journalists, citing concerns with censorship of lawful content, potential for house arrest before an offense has been committed, and potential penalties of life imprisonment for unlawful speech.
The right to freedom of speech is not explicitly protected by common law in New Zealand, but is encompassed in various doctrines aimed at protecting free speech. [110] An independent press, an effective judiciary, and a functioning democratic political system combine to ensure a degree of freedom of speech and of the press. [ 111 ]
This preamble states Canada's constitution would be based upon Britain's, and Britain had limited free speech in 1867. Furthermore, free speech is considered to be necessary for a parliamentary government to function. [16] Free speech was later included in the Canadian Bill of Rights.
The law is the most recent iteration of several proposed bills introduced to previous parliaments. In 2005, New Democratic Party member of Parliament Bill Siksay introduced a bill in the House of Commons to explicitly add "gender identity or expression" as prohibited grounds of discrimination in the Canadian Human Rights Act .