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The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to "before midday") and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to "after midday"). [1] [2] Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0), [3] 1, 2, 3, 4
The time of day is typically expressed in English in terms of hours. Whole hours on a 12-hour clock are expressed using the contracted phrase o'clock, from the older of the clock. [6] (10 am and 10 pm are both read as "ten o'clock".) Hours on a 24-hour clock ("military time") are expressed as "hundred" or "hundred hours".
For example, 6:45 can be written as "6 diǎn, 3 kè" (六点 三 刻; 六點 三 刻). Miǎo is now the standard term for a second. Like fēn , it is sometimes written as miǎozhōng ( 秒钟 ; 秒鐘 ; 'clock second') to clarify that someone is talking about modern seconds.
The daytime canonical hours of the Catholic Church take their names from the Roman clock: the prime, terce, sext and none occur during the first (prīma) = 6 am, third (tertia) = 9 am, sixth (sexta) = 12 pm, and ninth (nōna) = 3 pm, hours of the day. The English term noon is also derived from the ninth hour.
In investing, it is the last hour of stock trading between 3:00 pm (when the U.S. bond market closes) and 4:00 pm EST (when the U.S. stock market closes), a period of above-average volatility. [ 13 ] The term can also refer to a phenomenon where infants or young children cry for an extended period of time during the hour (or two) before their ...
It is the subject of a book, On the Construction of Clocks and their Use (1203), by Riḍwān ibn al-Sāʿātī, the son of a clockmaker. [5] The Florentine writer Dante Alighieri made a reference to the gear works of striking clocks in 1319. [6] One of the older clock towers still standing is St Mark's Clocktower in St Mark's Square, Venice.
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The first mechanical public clocks introduced in Italy were mechanical 24-hour clocks which counted the 24 hours of the day from one-half hour after sunset to the evening of the following day. The 24th hour was the last hour of day time. [11] From the 14th to the 17th century, two systems of time measurement competed in Europe: [12] [13]