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An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Ultrasound is non-invasive and does not involve radiation, unlike some methods of imaging of the urinary tract such as X-rays or CT scans. [2] It is usually painless. [2] It is safe in pregnancy. [1] Risks specific to the scan involve: Discomfort from the abdominal probe [1] Distress related to results that are reported
Ureteroscopy is an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with a ureteroscope that is passed through the urethra and the bladder, and then directly into the ureter. [1] The procedure is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders such as kidney stones and urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. [ 1 ]
Structures that are near the ureters. 1. Human urinary system: 2. Kidney, 3. Renal pelvis, 4.Ureter, 5.Urinary bladder, 6. Urethra. (Left side with frontal section ...
Under normal conditions, the ureter is not seen with US. However, in, e.g., urinary obstruction and vesicoureteric reflux with dilation of the ureter, the proximal part in continuation with the renal pelvis, as well as the distal part near the ostium can be evaluated (Figure 14). [1]
Lead is the most common shield against X-rays because of its high density (11,340 kg/m 3), stopping power, ease of installation and low cost. The maximum range of a high-energy photon such as an X-ray in matter is infinite; at every point in the matter traversed by the photon, there is a probability of interaction.
Interventional radiology (IR) is a medical specialty that performs various minimally-invasive procedures using medical imaging guidance, such as x-ray fluoroscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound. IR performs both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures through very small incisions or body orifices.
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra.It is carried out with a cystoscope.. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.