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Traditionally, the United States's energy sources have included oil, coal, nuclear, renewables and natural gas. The breakdown of each of these fuels as a percentage of the overall consumption in the year 1993, per EIA was: coal at 53%, nuclear energy at 19%, natural gas at 13%, renewable energy at 11% and oil at 4% of the overall energy needs.
The United States is the world's second-largest producer and consumer of electricity. It generates 15% of the world's electricity supply, about half as much as China. [78] The United States produced 3,988 TWh in 2021. Total generation has been flat since 2010. Net electricity imports were 39 TWh, or about 1% of sales.
In 1996 – 1999 the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) made a series of decisions which were intended to open the U.S. wholesale power market to new players, with the hope that spurring competition would save consumers $4 to $5 billion per year and encourage technical innovation in the industry. [15]
Overall Gazprom made a profit of 1.226 trillion roubles ($15.77 billion) in 2022, down 40%, after an extra tax was levied in late 2022. [180] On 19 December 2022 the European Energy ministers agreed on a price cap for natural Gas at €180 per megawatt-hour [181] aiming to stop Russia forcing European gas prices upwards.
Energy wastage in Iran amounts to six or seven billion dollars per year, [247] much higher than the international norm. [86] Iran recycles 28% of its used oil and gas, whereas some other countries reprocess up to 60%. [247] In 2008 Iran paid $84 billion in subsidies for oil, gas and electricity. [33]
It now has a commodity exchange in Addis Ababa called the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange, established in 2008. [36] The Ethiopian economy has a large foreign debt, with an overall external debt of 28 billion US dollars. China owns over 13 billion dollars of its debt. Its debt to GDP ratio is smaller than similar and neighboring countries.
Energy production and consumption play a significant role in the global economy. It is needed in industry and global transportation. The total energy supply chain, from production to final consumption, involves many activities that cause a loss of useful energy. [3] As of 2022, energy consumption is still about 80% from fossil fuels. [4]
Outlook: Stable. Foreign reserves. $75.25 billion (2017) [3] All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. Denmark is a modern high-income and highly developed mixed economy, dominated by the service sector with 80% of all jobs; about 11% of employees work in manufacturing and 2% in agriculture.