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2. Graticule (cartography) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graticule_(cartography)

   Graticule (cartography) Map of Europe with a 30° graticule in dark gray. A graticule (from Latin crāticula 'grill/grating'), on a map, is a graphical depiction of a coordinate system as a grid of lines, each line representing a constant coordinate value. [1] It is thus a form of isoline, and is commonly found on maps of many kinds, at scales ...

3. Circle of latitude - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_of_latitude

   The latitude of the circle is approximately the angle between the Equator and the circle, with the angle's vertex at Earth's centre. The Equator is at 0°, and the North Pole and South Pole are at 90° north and 90° south, respectively. The Equator is the longest circle of latitude and is the only circle of latitude which also is a great circle.

4. 33rd parallel north - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33rd_parallel_north

   In the United States, the 33rd parallel approximately defines the border between Arkansas and Louisiana. The 33rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 33 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It is approximate at the midpoint between the equator (0 degrees) and the Arctic Circle (66.6 degrees North Latitude.)

5. Longitude - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude

   Longitude. A graticule on the Earth as a sphere or an ellipsoid. The lines from pole to pole are lines of constant longitude, or meridians. The circles parallel to the Equator are circles of constant latitude, or parallels. The graticule shows the latitude and longitude of points on the surface. In this example, meridians are spaced at 6 ...

6. Geographic coordinate system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system

   t. e. A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.

7. Latitude - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude

   Latitude is given as an angle that ranges from −90° at the south pole to 90° at the north pole, with 0° at the Equator. Lines of constant latitude, or parallels, run east–west as circles parallel to the equator. Latitude and longitude are used together as a coordinate pair to specify a location on the surface of the Earth.

8. Portolan chart - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portolan_chart

   Thus the grid lines varied slightly for charts produced in different eras, due to the natural changes of the Earth's magnetic declination. [12] These lines are similar to the compass rose displayed on later maps and charts. "All portolan charts have wind roses, though not necessarily complete with the full thirty-two points; the compass rose ...

9. 44th parallel north - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/44th_parallel_north

   The 44th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 44 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean. At this latitude, astronomically, the dusk is visible circa 15 hours 29 minutes before the dawn during the summer solstice (at the ...