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Polynomial remainder theorem. In algebra, the polynomial remainder theorem or little Bézout's theorem (named after Étienne Bézout) [1] is an application of Euclidean division of polynomials. It states that, for every number any polynomial is the sum of and the product by of a polynomial in of degree less than the degree of In particular, is ...
v. t. e. In calculus, Taylor's theorem gives an approximation of a -times differentiable function around a given point by a polynomial of degree , called the -th-order Taylor polynomial. For a smooth function, the Taylor polynomial is the truncation at the order of the Taylor series of the function.
The Chinese remainder theorem is widely used for computing with large integers, as it allows replacing a computation for which one knows a bound on the size of the result by several similar computations on small integers. The Chinese remainder theorem (expressed in terms of congruences) is true over every principal ideal domain.
The theorem is frequently referred to as the division algorithm (although it is a theorem and not an algorithm), because its proof as given below lends itself to a simple division algorithm for computing q and r (see the section Proof for more). Division is not defined in the case where b = 0; see division by zero.
This turns out to be equivalent to a system of simultaneous polynomial congruences, and may be solved by means of the Chinese remainder theorem for polynomials. Birkhoff interpolation is a further generalization where only derivatives of some orders are prescribed, not necessarily all orders from 0 to a k .
Ruffini's rule can be used when one needs the quotient of a polynomial P by a binomial of the form . (When one needs only the remainder, the polynomial remainder theorem provides a simpler method.) A typical example, where one needs the quotient, is the factorization of a polynomial p ( x ) {\displaystyle p(x)} for which one knows a root r :
Bézout's theorem is a statement in algebraic geometry concerning the number of common zeros of n polynomials in n indeterminates. In its original form the theorem states that in general the number of common zeros equals the product of the degrees of the polynomials. [1] It is named after Étienne Bézout. In some elementary texts, Bézout's ...
The idea for the general proof follows the above supplemental case: Find an algebraic integer that somehow encodes the Legendre symbols for p, then find a relationship between Legendre symbols by computing the qth power of this algebraic integer modulo q in two different ways, one using Euler's criterion the other using the binomial theorem.