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Patient (grammar) In linguistics, the grammatical patient, also called the target or undergoer, is a semantic role representing the participant of a situation upon whom an action is carried out, [1] or the thematic relation such a participant has with an action. Sometimes, theme and patient are used to mean the same thing. [2]
Agent (grammar) In linguistics, a grammatical agent is the thematic relation of the cause or initiator to an event. [1] The agent is a semantic concept distinct from the subject of a sentence as well as from the topic. While the subject is determined syntactically, primarily through word order, the agent is determined through its relationship ...
Grammatical relation. A tree diagram of English functions. In linguistics, grammatical relations (also called grammatical functions, grammatical roles, or syntactic functions) are functional relationships between constituents in a clause. The standard examples of grammatical functions from traditional grammar are subject, direct object, and ...
In generative grammar, this is encoded in terms of the number and type of theta roles the verb takes. The theta role is named by the most prominent thematic relation associated with it. So the three required arguments bear the theta roles named the agent (Reggie) the patient (or theme) (the kibble), and goal/recipient (Fergus).
A passive voice construction is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages. [1] In a clause with passive voice, the grammatical subject expresses the theme or patient of the main verb – that is, the person or thing that undergoes the action or has its state changed. [2] This contrasts with active voice, in which the ...
t. e. A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording. [1] In various languages, nominal groups consisting of a noun and its modifiers belong to one of a few such categories.
v. t. e. In linguistic typology, ergative–absolutive alignment is a type of morphosyntactic alignment in which the single argument ("subject") of an intransitive verb behaves like the object of a transitive verb, and differently from the agent ("subject") of a transitive verb. [1] Examples include Basque, Georgian, Mayan, Tibetan, and certain ...
Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to endure difficult circumstances.Patience may involve perseverance in the face of delay; tolerance of provocation without responding with disrespect or anger; [1] [verification needed] forbearance when under strain, especially when faced with longer-term difficulties; or being able to wait for a long time without getting irritated or bored.