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  2. Tone letter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_letter

    The tone contours of Mandarin Chinese. In the convention for Chinese, 1 is low and 5 is high. The corresponding tone letters are ˥ , ˧˥ , ˨˩˦ , ˥˩. A series of iconic tone letters based on a musical staff was devised by Yuen Ren Chao in the 1920s [ 2 ] by adding a reference stave to the existing convention of the International Phonetic ...

  3. Standard Chinese phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology

    Many non-native Chinese speakers have difficulties mastering the tones of each character, but correct tonal pronunciation is essential for intelligibility because of the vast number of words in the language that only differ by tone (i.e. are minimal pairs with respect to tone). Statistically, tones are as important as vowels in Standard Chinese.

  4. Pinyin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin

    t. e. Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese. In official documents, it is referred to as the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet. Hanyu (汉语; 漢語) literally means ' Han language'—that is, the Chinese language—while pinyin literally means 'spelled sounds'. Pinyin is the official system used ...

  5. Chinese character orders - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_character_orders

    and 5 tone diacritics of “ˉ, ˊ, ˇ, ˋ, ˙”. [27] [28] Chinese characters are sorted according to the Bopomofo expressions of their sounds by their order in the alphabet table, first by letters, then by tones in the order of "first tone, second tone, third tone, fourth tone, and fifth tone (also called neutral tone, light tone)".

  6. Tone number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_number

    Tone numbers are numerical digits used like letters to mark the tones of a language. The number is usually placed after a romanized syllable. Tone numbers are defined for a particular language, so they have little meaning between languages. Other means of indicating tone in romanization include diacritics, tone letters, and orthographic changes ...

  7. Mandarin Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandarin_Chinese

    Mandarin (/ ˈmændərɪn / ⓘ MAN-dər-in; simplified Chinese: 官话; traditional Chinese: 官話; pinyin: Guānhuà; lit. 'officials' speech') is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. The group includes the Beijing dialect, the basis of the phonology of Standard Chinese ...

  8. Romanization of Chinese - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Chinese

    Romanization of Chinese. Romanization of Chinese (Chinese: 中文拉丁化; pinyin: zhōngwén lādīnghuà) is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Chinese. Chinese uses a logographic script and its characters do not represent phonemes directly. There have been many systems using Roman characters to represent Chinese throughout history.

  9. Pinyin table - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinyin_table

    This pinyin table is a complete listing of all Hanyu Pinyin syllables used in Standard Chinese. Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows). An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Chinese. The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in ...

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