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Martian lava tubes are volcanic caverns on Mars that are believed to form as a result of fast-moving, basaltic lava flows associated with shield volcanism. [1] Lava tubes usually form when the external surface of the lava channels cools more quickly and forms a hardened crust over subsurface lava flows. [2]
Caves of Mars Project. THEMIS image of probable cave entrances on Arsia Mons. The pits have been informally named (A) Dena, (B) Chloe, (C) Wendy, (D) Annie, (E) Abby (left) and Nikki, and (F) Jeanne. The Caves of Mars Project was an early 2000s program funded through Phase II [clarification needed] by the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts [1 ...
Volcanism is a process in which magma from a planet's interior rises through the crust and erupts on the surface. The erupted materials consist of molten rock (lava), hot fragmental debris (tephra or ash), and gases. Volcanism is a principal way that planets release their internal heat. Volcanic eruptions produce distinctive landforms, rock ...
Arsia Mons is a shield volcano with a relatively low slope and a massive caldera at its summit. The southernmost of the three Tharsis Montes volcanoes, it is the only major Tharsis volcano south of the equator. [2] Topographic map of Arsia Mons. The volcano is 435 kilometres (270 mi) in diameter, almost 20 kilometres (12 mi) high (more than 9 ...
Olympus Mons (/ əˌlɪmpəs ˈmɒnz, oʊ -/; [4] Latin for ' Mount Olympus ') is a large shield volcano on Mars. It is over 21.9 km (13.6 mi; 72,000 ft) high as measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), [5] about 2.5 times the elevation of Mount Everest above sea level. It is Mars's tallest volcano, its tallest planetary mountain ...
The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology. In planetary science, the term geology is used in its broadest sense to mean the study of the ...
Elysium Mons / ɪ ˈ l ɪ z i ə m ˈ m ɒ n z / is a volcano on Mars located in the volcanic province Elysium, at , in the Martian eastern hemisphereIt stands about 12.6 km (41,000 ft) above its base, [2] and about 14.1 km (46,000 ft) above the Martian datum, [2] making it the third tallest Martian mountain in terms of relief and the fourth highest in elevation.
The base of the volcano is buried by young (Amazonian-aged) lava flows presumably from the Tharsis Montes, so the true size of the edifice cannot be accurately determined. Estimates of the thickness of lava burying the base of Tharsis Tholus range from 500 m [6] to 3.5 km. [11] Most of the volcano's surface is mantled with a thick layer of fine ...