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Biological theories for explaining the causes of sexual orientation are favored by scientists. [1] These factors, which may be related to the development of a sexual orientation, include genes, the early uterine environment (such as prenatal hormones), and brain structure.
The field of psychology has extensively studied homosexuality as a human sexual orientation. The American Psychiatric Association listed homosexuality in the DSM-I in 1952 as a "sociopathic personality disturbance," [1] but that classification came under scrutiny in research funded by the National Institute of Mental Health.
Homosexuality is sexual attraction, romantic attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender. [1][2][3] As a sexual orientation, homosexuality is "an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions" exclusively to people of the same sex or gender. [4] It "also refers to a person's sense of identity ...
t. e. Sexual orientation is an enduring pattern of romantic or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender, or none of the aforementioned at all. [1][2] The ultimate causes and mechanisms of sexual orientation development in humans ...
Sexual orientation is an enduring personal pattern of romantic attraction or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender. Patterns are generally categorized under heterosexuality, homosexuality, and bisexuality, [ 1 ][ 2 ][ 3 ] while ...
v. t. e. The relationship between the environment and sexual orientation is a subject of research. In the study of sexual orientation, some researchers distinguish environmental influences from hormonal influences, [1] while other researchers include biological influences such as prenatal hormones as part of environmental influences.
Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, viewed homosexuality, like all forms of sexuality, as being caused by a combination of biological, social and psychological factors. According to Freud, humans are born with unfocused sexual libidinal drives; he regarded homosexuality as a particular form of variation in the developmental process of ...
e. Epigenetic theories of homosexuality concern the studies of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence, and their role in the development of homosexuality. [1][2][3] Epigenetics examines the set of chemical reactions that switch parts of the genome on and off at ...