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The Schaffer method is a formula for essay writing taught in some U.S. schools, developed by Jane Schaffer in 1995. It involves a four-paragraph structure with a thesis statement, topic sentences, details, commentary, and conclusion sentences.
The four square writing method is a way for teaching writing to children in school. While primarily used to teach persuasive writing , it has also been used to help teach deconstruction . [ 1 ] The method was developed by Judith S. Gould [ 2 ] and Evan Jay Gould.
Mental logic theories hold that deductive reasoning is a language-like process that happens through the manipulation of representations using rules of inference. Mental model theories , on the other hand, claim that deductive reasoning involves models of possible states of the world without the medium of language or rules of inference.
[5] The type of inference drawn here is also called a "causal inference" because the inference made suggests that events in one sentence cause those in the next. Backward inferences can be either logical, in that the reader assumes one occurrence based on the statement of another, or pragmatic, in that the inference helps the reader comprehend ...
An argument map is a visual representation of the structure of an argument, showing the conclusion, premises, inferences, objections and counterarguments. Learn about the history, types, standards and uses of argument maps in critical thinking, teaching and deliberation.
Learn about the logical laws that relate to mathematical formulae and how to use them to infer conclusions. See examples, tables, and definitions of rules of inference for propositional calculus, predicate logic, and substructural logic.
A rule of inference is a logical form that takes premises and returns a conclusion. Learn about different types of rules of inference, such as modus ponens, modus tollens, and contraposition, and how they are used in propositional logic and predicate logic.
In linguistics, the Gunning fog index is a readability test for English writing. The index estimates the years of formal education a person needs to understand the text on the first reading. For instance, a fog index of 12 requires the reading level of a United States high school senior (around 18 years old).