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Mastoiditis is the result of an infection that extends to the air cells of the skull behind the ear. Specifically, it is an inflammation of the mucosal lining of the mastoid antrum and mastoid air cell system inside [1] the mastoid process. The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear.
Otitis externa. A moderate case of otitis externa. There is narrowing of the ear channel, with a small amount of exudate and swelling of the outer ear. Otitis externa, also called swimmer's ear, [1] is inflammation of the ear canal. [2] It often presents with ear pain, swelling of the ear canal, and occasionally decreased hearing. [2]
Exterior of labyrinth of the inner ear. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder arising from a problem in the inner ear. [ 3 ] Symptoms are repeated, brief periods of vertigo with movement, characterized by a spinning sensation upon changes in the position of the head. [ 1 ] This can occur with turning in bed or changing ...
Ménière's disease (MD) is a disease of the inner ear that is characterized by potentially severe and incapacitating episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, and a feeling of fullness in the ear. [3][4] Typically, only one ear is affected initially, but over time, both ears may become involved. [3] Episodes generally last from 20 minutes ...
Labyrinthitis is inflammation of the labyrinth, a maze of fluid-filled channels in the inner ear. Vestibular neuritis is inflammation of the vestibular nerve (the nerve in the ear that sends messages related to motion and position to the brain). [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] Both conditions involve inflammation of the inner ear. [ 5 ]
Eustachian tube dysfunction can be caused by a number of factors. Some common causes include the flu, allergies, a cold, and sinus infections. [6] In patients with chronic ear disease such as cholesteatoma and chronic discharge, studies showed that they have obstructive pathology at the ear side of the Eustachian tube. [7][5] Given that ...
Epley maneuver. The Epley maneuver or repositioning maneuver is a maneuver used by medical professionals to treat one common cause of vertigo, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) [1][needs update] of the posterior or anterior canals of the ear. [2] The maneuver works by allowing free-floating particles, displaced otoconia, from the ...
Righting reflex. The righting reflex, also known as the labyrinthine righting reflex, or the Cervico-collic reflex; is a reflex that corrects the orientation of the body when it is taken out of its normal upright position. It is initiated by the vestibular system, which detects that the body is not erect and causes the head to move back into ...