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The behavioral patterns listed above have the potential to be used as calming signals, but are only classified as such in the appropriate context. [4] [6] For example, a dog lying down when resting would not be considered a calming signal, but a dog lying down when approached by another dog would be considered a calming signal. Thus, calming ...
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3 or SOCS-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOCS3 gene. [5] [6] This gene encodes a member of the STAT-induced STAT inhibitor (SSI), also known as suppressor of cytokine signaling , family. SSI family members are cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling.
All SOCS have certain structures in common. This includes a varying N-terminal domain involved in protein-protein interactions, a central SH2 domain, which can bind to molecules that have been phosphorylated by tyrosine kinases, and a SOCS box located at the C-terminal that enables recruitment of E3 ligases and ubiquitin signaling molecules.
A dog communicates by altering the position of its head. When the head is held in an erect position this could indicate that is approachable, attentive, curious, or aggressive. Turning the head away may indicate fear, but is also recognized as a calming signal. [13] A dominant dog will display an upright posture and/or stiff legs. [13]
Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind to cytokines. [ 1 ] In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been directly linked to certain debilitating ...
A cytokinin signaling and response regulator protein is a plant protein that is involved in a two step cytokinin signaling and response regulation pathway. The current model of cytokinin signaling and response regulation shows that it works as a multi-step phosphorelay two-component signaling system . [ 1 ]
The dog and handler walk across a length of a new, unknown surface. The standard surface is a 3 metre long by 1 metre wide plastic roof sheet. It is set up between two fences so that the dog cannot avoid walking on the roof sheet, and so that it moves noisily when stepped on. [14] The dog's anxiety of walking on a new surface is measured. [3]
The expression of this gene can be induced by a subset of cytokines, including IL2, IL3, erythropoietin (EPO), GM-CSF, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). The protein encoded by this gene functions downstream of cytokine receptors, and takes part in a negative feedback loop to attenuate cytokine signaling. Knockout studies in mice suggested the role ...