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On 20 October 1870, one month after the newly founded Kingdom of Italy had occupied Rome, Pope Pius IX, who then considered himself a prisoner in the Vatican, issued the bull Postquam Dei munere, adjourning the council indefinitely. [21] While some proposed to continue the council in the Belgian city of Mechlin, it was never reconvened. [22]
Choir dress of a cardinal, in scarlet Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. As titular members of the clergy of the Diocese of Rome, they serve as advisors to the pope, who is the bishop of Rome. They are typically ordained bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman ...
This category includes those bishops, periti, and any others who participated in one or more of the sessions of the First Vatican Council. Pages in category "Participants in the First Vatican Council"
A session of the Council of Trent, from an engraving. According to the Catholic Church, a Church Council is ecumenical ("world-wide") if it is "a solemn congregation of the Catholic bishops of the world at the invitation of the Pope to decide on matters of the Church with him". [1]
The earliest attested reference to the "College of Cardinals" is at the Council of Reims in 1148. [ 13 ] Each name in the following list includes years of birth and death, then comma-separated years of cardinalate and deanship.
The Council of Cardinals (also called C9 because it contained nine cardinal members for a time), also known as the Council of Cardinal Advisers, is a group of cardinals of the Catholic Church appointed by Pope Francis to serve as his advisers. The council was formally established on 28 September 2013.
Catholic laity are the ordinary members of the Catholic Church who are neither clergy nor recipients of Holy Orders or vowed to life in a religious order or congregation. Their mission, according to the Second Vatican Council, is to "sanctify the world". The laity forms the majority of the estimated over one billion Catholics in the world. [1]
Monothelitism – teaches that Jesus Christ had two natures but only one will. This council repudiated this belief. Monoenergism – teaches that Jesus had two natures but only one "energy." This council repudiated this belief. Second Council of Nicaea (787 A.D.) Byzantine Iconoclasm – the practice of destroying icons and images. This council ...